Enlightened Free Thinking Nubian Kings And Queens

Emmanuel Francis (E.F.) Joseph was the first professional African American photographer in the San Francisco Bay area of California. Born on November 8, 1900 on the Caribbean island of St. Lucia, Joseph would later move to the United States and attend the American School of Photography in Chicago, Illinois. After graduation in 1924, Joseph moved to Oakland, California, where he apprenticed in a photography studio.  In the early 1930's, Joseph began his career as a photojournalist. He worked for numerous Bay Area newspapers, including the California Voice, The Oakland Post, San Francisco Examiner, and the nationally distributed Pittsburgh Courier from Pennsylvania.   Joseph also ran a photography studio initially out of his home in West Oakland. He took photos of babies, children, men, women, couples, and families. He also captured the contours of community life, snapping photos at events held by churches, schools, nightclubs, social clubs, and lodges. He recorded c...

Roberto Clemente  was a  Puerto Rican   professional baseball player . Clemente spent eighteen  Major League Baseball  (MLB) seasons playing in the  National League  (NL) as a  right fielder  for the  Pittsburgh Pirates . He was inducted into the  National Baseball Hall of Fame  in 1973, becoming the first Latin American and Caribbean born player to be enshrined. His death established the precedent that, as an alternative to the five-year retirement period, a deceased player for at least six months is eligible for entry into the Hall of Fame. Clemente was an All-Star for twelve seasons and fifteen  All-Star Games . He was the NL  Most Valuable Player  in 1966, the NL  batting leader  in 1961, 1964, 1965, and 1967, and a  Gold Glove  winner for twelve consecutive seasons from 1961 through 1972. His  batting average  was over .300 for thirteen seasons and he had 3,000 majo...

Virginia and the Negro [African] in the 17th Century and Established the Standard for Slavery in the USA "Negroes [Africans] first appeared in Virginia in August 1619, transported aboard a Dutch frigate, not as slaves but as indentured servants. These twenty Negroes, three of whom were women, bound themselves as indentured servants, to work for masters for a specified length of time in return for their passage across the Atlantic. For the next seventy-five years, indentured s ervitude by both Negroes [African] - and whites provided a satisfactory solution to the need for a labor supply. By 1691, this situation had undergone a dramatic change and it became customary to hold black indentured servants past their term of service. A variety of factors contributed to this change in status for Black indentured servants. The supply of free labor decreased while their costs went up. Britain began to take control of the lucrative African and Caribbean slave trade so that there wer...

Napoléon Bonaparte's Caribbean Genocide Napoléon's legacy in the Caribbean is one of great Caribbean, genocide and destruction. The French historian Claude Ribbe states: "...Napoleon ordered the killing of as many blacks as possible in Haiti and Guadeloupe to be replaced by new, docile slaves from Africa," (Randall) Late in the war against the Haitian revolutionary forces, Napoléon Bonaparte's troops resorted to outright genocidal tactics. In 1803, General "Rochambeau [Napolé on's supreme commander and under his direct orders], accompanied by the French Generals Pageot and Lavalette, undertook to subdue [the Haitian troops]''. His arrival at Jacmel was signalized by a horrible crime: by his orders, about 100 natives, who were only suspected of having little zeal for France, were thrown into the hold of a man-of-war 2, the hatchways of which were tightly closed; the men were then suffocated by the fumes of the ignited sulphur, their corpses be...