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Body Politic

Body politic  is a  metaphor  in which a nation is considered to be a  corporate entity ,  being likened to a  human body . The word "politic" in this phrase is a  post positive adjective ; so it is "a body of a  politic  nature" rather than "a politic of a bodily nature". A body politic comprises all the people in a particular country considered as a single group. The  analogy  is typically continued by reference to the type of government as the  head of state ,  but may be extended to other anatomical parts, as in political readings of the  Aesop's fable , " The Belly and the Members ". The metaphor appears in the French language as the  corps-état .  The metaphor developed in  Renaissance  times, as the medical knowledge based upon the classical work of  Galen  was being challenged by new thinkers such as  William Harvey . Analogies were made between the supposed causes of dis...

The Colfax Massacre (1873)

The Colfax Massacre occurred on April 13, 1873. The battle-turned-massacre took place in the small town of Colfax, Louisiana as a clash between blacks and whites. Three whites and an estimated 150 blacks died in the conflict. The massacre took place against the backdrop of racial tensions following the hotly contested Louisiana governor's race of 1872.  While the Republicans narrowly won the contest and retained control of the state, white Democrats, angry over the defeat, vowed revenge.  In Colfax Parish (county) as in other areas of the state, they organized a white militia to directly challenge the mostly black state militia under the control of the governor.   Colfax Parish reflected the political and racial divide in Louisiana.  Its 4,600 voters in the 1872 election were split between approximately 2,400 hundred mostly black Republican voters and 2,200 white Democratic voters.  One incident however, touched off the Colfax massacre.  On...

The Jim Crow Laws

Laws which were state and local segregation laws enacted from 1876-1965, were passed to separate blacks and whites in as many aspects of life as possible. Supposedly aimed at making separate but equal accommodations for both races. The reality was that blacks were often treated as inferiors and put at a disadvantage, ultimately making racism and discrimination systemic. White supremacist organizations began to form, including the Ku Klux Klan in 1867, with the specific intent of terrorizing the black community. Enabled by Jim Crow laws and widespread corruption, lynchings—the extrajudicial execution of black men, women, and children—were one of the horrific results of this systemic racism and discrimination legally.

Black Wall Street

                                              In 1921 a group of whites burnt the community in Tulsa, Oklahoma to the ground. It was the wealthiest Black community in United States. It was known as “Black Wall Street.” Fire bombs were dropped from airplanes. And hundreds of people were killed.  This knowledge was not acknowledged in state history records until 1996.  There has been more affluent "Black" communities where the homes of the residents were burned down, the residents were raped and killed all out of envy, drunken jealousy and blatant racism.   Greenwood is a neighborhood in Tulsa , Oklahoma . As one of the most successful and wealthiest African American communities in the United States during the early 20th...