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Enforcement Act of 1870

The Enforcement Act of 1870, also known as the Civil Rights Act of 1870 or First Ku Klux Klan Act, or Force Act was a federal United States  l aw written to empower the President with the legal authority to enforce the first section of the Fifteenth Amendment throughout the United States. The act was the first of three Enforcement Acts passed by the United States Congress from 1870 to 1871 during the Reconstruction Era to combat attacks on the suffrage rights of African Americans from state officials or violent groups like the Ku Klux Klan. The bill H.R. 1293 was first introduced into the House by Republican John Bingham from Ohio on February 21, 1870, but not discussed until May 16, 1870. Unlike the House bill, the Senate bill S. 810 grew from several different bills from various Senators. The first proposed bill was submitted to the Senate in February 1870 by Sen. George F. Edmunds from Vermont followed by Sen. Oliver P. Morton from Indiana, Sen.Charles Sumner from Massachus...

Geronimo Pratt

(born  Elmer Pratt , September 13, 1947 – June 2, 2011), also known as  Geronimo ji-Jaga  and  Geronimo ji-Jaga Pratt , was a high-ranking member of the  Black Panther Party . The  Federal Bureau of Investigation  targeted him in a  COINTELPRO   operation, which aimed to "neutralize Pratt as an effective BPP functionary."  Pratt was tried and convicted of the kidnap and murder of Caroline Olsen in 1972, and spent 27 years in prison, eight of which were in  solitary confinement . Pratt was freed in 1997 when his conviction was vacated. He was working as a  human rights  activist up until the time of his death. Pratt was also the  godfather  of the late rapper  Tupac Shakur .  He died of a heart attack in his adopted country,  Tanzania , on June 3, 2011. Elmer Pratt was born in  Morgan City, Louisiana , where his father was in the scrap metal business. Pratt was a high school  quart...

What It Really Means!

The "Wizard of Oz", written by L. Frank Baum, is not a mere child's story. What is "Oz" a symbol for?   Ounces. What is measured in ounces?  Gold. What is the yellow brick road?  Bricks or ingot bars of gold. The character known as the Straw Man represents that fictitious, ALL CAPS, legal fiction  - a PERSON, the Federal U.S. Government created with the same spelling as your birth name. Remember what the Straw Man wanted from the Wizard of Oz?  A Brain! No juristic person - legal fiction - paper corporation has a brain because he/she has no breath of life. What did he get in place of a brain?  A certificate: a Birth Certificate for a new legal creation . He was proud of his new legal status, plus all the other legalisms he was granted. Now he becomes the epitome of the brainless sack of straw who was given a certificate in place of a grain of common sense. Now, what about the Tin Man?   Does Taxpayer Identif...