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Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake (1841–1925)

Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake, born in Missouri in 1841, was one of six children of Robin and Polly Holmes. From 1852 to 1853 Mary Jane was the subject of a fifteen-month legal battle known as Holmes v. Ford to obtain her freedom.  That battle also helped determine the status of slavery in the Oregon Territory.   The Holmes family was owned by Missouri farmer Nathaniel Ford.  In 1844 Ford brought the family west on the Oregon Trail, promising Robin and Polly their freedom if they would help him establish a farm in the Oregon Territory.   Ford refused to honor his promise for five years after their arrival, finally relenting in 1849.  He freed the parents and their new born son but refused to release nine-year-old Mary Jane and her other siblings including two who had been born in Oregon Territory.  Ford intended to sell each of the four children when they reached adulthood. Ford’s refusal to release Mary Jane Holmes and her siblings prompted R...

Enforcement Act of 1870

The Enforcement Act of 1870, also known as the Civil Rights Act of 1870 or First Ku Klux Klan Act, or Force Act was a federal United States  l aw written to empower the President with the legal authority to enforce the first section of the Fifteenth Amendment throughout the United States. The act was the first of three Enforcement Acts passed by the United States Congress from 1870 to 1871 during the Reconstruction Era to combat attacks on the suffrage rights of African Americans from state officials or violent groups like the Ku Klux Klan. The bill H.R. 1293 was first introduced into the House by Republican John Bingham from Ohio on February 21, 1870, but not discussed until May 16, 1870. Unlike the House bill, the Senate bill S. 810 grew from several different bills from various Senators. The first proposed bill was submitted to the Senate in February 1870 by Sen. George F. Edmunds from Vermont followed by Sen. Oliver P. Morton from Indiana, Sen.Charles Sumner from Massachus...

Thomas L. Jennings

(1791–1856) was an  African-American   tradesman  and  abolitionist  in in  New York City ,  New York . He was a  free black  who operated a tailoring and  dry-cleaning  business, and in 1821 was the  first African American  to be granted a  patent . Jennings became active in working for his race and civil rights for the black community. In 1831, he was selected as assistant secretary to the First Annual Convention of the People of Color in  Philadelphia ,  Pennsylvania , which met in June 1831. He helped arrange legal defense for his daughter,  Elizabeth Jennings , in 1854 when she challenged a private streetcar company's segregation of seating and was arrested. She was defended by the young  Chester Arthur , and won her case the next year. With two other prominent black leaders, Jennings organized the  Legal Rights Association  in 1855 in New York, which raised challenges to discr...

What It Really Means!

The "Wizard of Oz", written by L. Frank Baum, is not a mere child's story. What is "Oz" a symbol for?   Ounces. What is measured in ounces?  Gold. What is the yellow brick road?  Bricks or ingot bars of gold. The character known as the Straw Man represents that fictitious, ALL CAPS, legal fiction  - a PERSON, the Federal U.S. Government created with the same spelling as your birth name. Remember what the Straw Man wanted from the Wizard of Oz?  A Brain! No juristic person - legal fiction - paper corporation has a brain because he/she has no breath of life. What did he get in place of a brain?  A certificate: a Birth Certificate for a new legal creation . He was proud of his new legal status, plus all the other legalisms he was granted. Now he becomes the epitome of the brainless sack of straw who was given a certificate in place of a grain of common sense. Now, what about the Tin Man?   Does Taxpayer Identif...

MARC STEVENS ADVENTURES IN LEGAL LAND FULL VERSION

This is the full audio version of his very informative book "Adventures In Legal Land." I advise everyone to listen, take notes and ingest as much as possible. http://marcstevensadventuresinlegalland.wikispaces.com/Adventures+in+Legal+Land+-+the+BOOK