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Martha Settle Putney (1916-2008)

Martha Settle Putney was one of the first Black women to join the Women’s Army Corps during World War II. After the war, Putney became a historian and author who notably focused on the contributions of African-Americans in the military. Putney was born Martha Settle on November 9, 1916 in Norristown, Pa. After working as a political campaigner as a young girl, she won a scholarship to Howard University from the candidate she helped get elected. Putney was a focused student, earning her bachelor’s degree in history in 1939 and a master’s in the same discipline the following year. While she originally wanted to become a teacher, Putney couldn’t find employment because of her race. Instead, she took a job with the federal government’s War Man power Commission. Putney toiled in the lowly job fo...

Nell Irvin Painter - Creating Black Americans: African American History and Its Meaning, 1916 to the Present

Here is a magnificent account of a past rich in beauty and creativity, but also in tragedy and trauma. Eminent historian Nell Irvin Painter blends a vivid narrative based on the latest research with a wonderful array of artwork by African American artists, works which add a new depth to our understanding of black history.  Painter offers a history written for a new generation of African Americans, stretching from life in Africa before slavery to today’s hip-hop culture. The book describes the staggering number of Africans—over ten million—forcibly transported to the New World, most doomed to brutal servitude in Brazil and the Caribbean. Painter looks at the free black population, numbering close to half a million by 1860 (compared to almost four million slaves), and provides a gripping account of the horrible conditions of slavery itself. The book examines the Civil War, revealing that it only slowly became a war to end slavery, and shows how Reconstruction, after a promisi...

John Henrik Clarke

(born  January 1, 1915 – July 12, 1998), was a  Pan-Africanist  writer, historian, professor, and a pioneer in the creation of  Africana studies  and professional institutions in academia starting in the late 1960's. He was born  John Henry Clark  on January 1, 1915, in  Union Springs, Alabama , the youngest child of  sharecroppers  John (Doctor) and Willie Ella (Mays) Clark (who died in 1922). With the hopes of earning enough money to buy land rather than sharecrop, his family moved to the nearest mill town,  Columbus, Georgia . Counter to his mother's wishes for him to become a farmer, Clarke left Georgia in 1933 by freight train and went to  Harlem, New York  as part of the  Great Migration  of rural blacks out of the South to northern cities. There he pursued scholarship and activism. He renamed himself as John Henrik (after rebel Norwegian  playwright   Henrik Ibsen ) and added an ...